Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
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چکیده
The basic unit operations in vegetable oil processing are shown in Figure 4. Oil is extracted from plant material (oilseeds) using a solvent, usually hexane. Published research indicates that about 50}70% of the hexane can be recovered and recycled using nanoRltration membranes instead of the evaporators used today, thus reducing energy consumption substantially. The extracted crude oil is mostly triglycerides, but it also contains small amounts of free fatty acids, phosphatides (lecithins/gums) and waxes, among other impurities. In place of physical or chemical reRning, it is possible to use UF membranes for the degumming step, thereby producing a substantially oil-free lecithin. In membrane reRning, the crude oil is treated with a solvent such as methanol to extract the free fatty acids. After phase separation, the methanol layer is subjected to nanoRltration to recycle the methanol while producing a free fatty acid concentrate. This avoids the traditional alkali-reRning process which results in soapstock formation and oil losses. Dewaxing with microRltration membranes can also be done. In this process, the oil is cooled to a temperature below the wax crystallization temperature before being microRltered to produce a stable edible oil. The application of membrane technology in the edible oil industry is expected to reduce energy consumption, reduce losses of oil, reduce the usage of chemicals and water and reduce the discharge of contaminated efSuents.
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